Hemorrhagic septicemia is mainly a disease of water buffalo and cattle. But is also recognize in sheep, goats, horses, elephants, or other wild animals. Like hemorrhagic septicemia, another septicemic pasteurellosis is also occurred but by other serotypes.


Etiology

HS - Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 and E:2 
HS like septicemic pasteurellosis:- Another serotype of Pasteurella multocida 

Epidemiology and pathogenesis

Bacteria have more affinity to humidity and temperature. Also affinity to other factors like other diseases, poor nutrition, stress.

Also, an endemic area is more affinity to bacteria and causes of disease.

In the body, bacteria have more affinity to epithelial tissue of the respiratory system. Here bacteria are multiply and produce their effect. 

Most gram-negative bacteria have Lipopolysaccharide LPS work as endotoxin and cause septic shock. 

LPS specially triggers CD14 molecule and complement system(C5) and induces the release of various cytokines and helps to septic shock.

Bacteremia is also seen.

Clinical signs

  • Respiratory distress with labored breathing 
  • Sub mandibular oedema
  • High fever (104-106 °F)
  • Nasal discharge (mucopurulent)
  • Hypersalivation
  • In peracute, death within 8-24 hour
  • Subcutaneous swelling from the pharynx and extended to the ventral neck, brisket, and even leg also

Diagnosis

  • History and signs
  • Endemic area with typical symptoms of HS
  • Blood sample for bacteria culture and CBC
  • Serological tests

Treatments 

  • Antibiotics (Tetracycline, Penicillins, Sulphonamides)
  • Vaccines
  • Anti cytokines drugs may also be helpful in septic shock